Gregor Townsend’s side failed to cross the Argentine 22 once in a dismal first-half that left them chasing an 18-6 deficit after conceding tries to Jerónimo De La Fuente and Santiago Carreras.
Scotland rallied after the break, with two tries in four minutes from Mark Bennett and Rory Hutchinson bringing them back level with thoughts turning to a comeback victory.
However, straight from kick-off, Scotland switched off and allowed Argentina to restore their lead instantly through a try from Gonzalo Bertranou.
A penalty conversion from Emiliano Boffelli put Los Pumas eight points ahead with 10 minutes left and Scotland were unable to reply as they suffered defeat in Argentina for the first time since 2008.
Here is how the Scotland players rated out of 10:
5. Jonny Gray - 5
Quieter game for the Exeter lock as Scots pack played second fiddle to the hosts for spells. 5 Photo: Craig Williamson - SNS Group
6. Magnus Bradbury - 6
Bristol-bound flanker did his best to add an abrasive threat but nothing really fell for the Scots. 6 Photo: Craig Williamson - SNS Group / SRU
7. Luke Crosbie - 5
A first Test start for the Edinburgh man who is likely to make way for Hamish Watson or Rory Darge next week. 5 Photo: Ross MacDonald - SNS Group / SRU
8. Matt Fagerson - 7
Made an important contribution, winning two ruck penalties in an impressive display. 7 Photo: Paul Devlin - SNS Group / SRU